``The LRA is characterized by its brutal activities of hacking innocent civilians to death, abducting children, raping women, cutting off the lips, ears and limbs of those they suspect to be pro-government, leave alone stealing the people's little food.''
Now if you're gonna wait until we get a round tuit -- hah!
The US Air Force put out the RFP for the LRS-B in July 2014. The initial contract was awarded to Northrup Grumman in October 2015.
LRSDC was set up in September 2004 by John O'Donoghue, then Ireland's Minister for Arts, Sport, and Tourism. The old stadium was demolished in 2007 and, as of January 2009, the new stadium is expected to be finished in April 2010.
``Basic Roman letters'' in this case included the inverted l.c. ee to indicate shwa, and the æ of Danish. ``[T]raditional Arabi diacritical marks'' refers to marks added by Muslim Indians to the [Persian extension of] Arabic script in order to indicate sounds not present in Persian.
Lahore is a city in Pakistan somewhere, and Lahori is the adjective form.
A good waiter is like a good cache algorithm, always anticipating your needs (a) without your voicing those needs explicitly and (b) without being obtrusive. Good waiters notice if your glass is nearly empty and reason that if you're halfway through dinner and all the way through fluids, you may be thirsting for another glass. A good waiter detects the status of your glass using peripheral vision. A good waiter knows that it is possible to walk and even carry some empty dish and look around at other tables one is servicing without tripping. A good waiter does not come to your table empty-handed when your glass has been empty for fifteen minutes and say ``Everythingokay?Good'' and leave the bill before you can finish masticating. And a good waiter does not tell you his name.
It used to be that the main reason you paid to eat at a better restaurant was so that there wouldn't be mouth-breathing peasants at the next table unfamiliar with the safe and seemly operation of a fork and knife. As the job market stays tight, however, restauranteurs are scraping the bottom of the waiter employment barrel. Since most people tip on a percentage basis, better waiters go to work where the food is more expensive. So maybe having a better class of fellow patron has slipped to second place among reasons to dine out at a pretentious place. Better food or cooking is usually a distant fifth. Decor and bragging rights are third and fourth.
It was powered by two 36-volt silver-zinc batteries. (One battery had sufficient power for all systems, but it was a long hike back to the LEM if it failed. In fact, the LRV was kept within 9.5 km of the LEM in case that became necessary.) The batteries served not only as electric power sources but as heat sinks for the electronics.
Three LRV's were used on the moon -- one for each of the last three Apollo missions (15-17).
Claude Lévi-Strauss was born in 1908. He spent WWII in New York City, teaching at the New School for Social Research. Also while there, he was a cofounder of École Libre des Hautes Études (see FU). When he taught American students in New York, his name was listed in the course catalog in some butchered form I can't recall very certainly, probably ``Claude L. Strauss.'' He asked why, and was told essentially that his real surname would be regarded as a joke. [I probably read this in Conversations with Claude Lévi-Strauss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).]
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Pejoratively, L&S is called ``Lewishort.'' Also jocularly: ``Levis et Brevis'' (`light and short'). [Glad I looked that up; I thought it meant `Mutt and Jeff.' I wish it meant that. What the hell, let's just pretend that's what it means. It's a dead language anyway, who cares. Then again, maybe it means jeans and underpants. That reminds me of one of the most popular puerile jokes among Latin students: ``Semper ubi sub ubi'' supposedly translated `Always wear underwear.']
Just think! All this information-like drivel is
FREE! on the World-Wide Web.
Unless, of course, you're paying connect charges.
An online version of Lewis and Short, integrated with some online texts, is available as one of the text tools at the Perseus Project.
In principle, ``L & S'' might also be used by classicists to refer to Liddell & Scott, but one nowadays usually recurs and refers to LSJ.
Incidentally, about Mutt and Jeff: Mutt was the taller one, I think. According to Fred L. Worth's The Complete Unabridged Super Trivia Encyclopedia (1977), when the comic strip Mutt and Jeff was begun in 1907, Mutt had a first initial A. Ha ha. Those guys were subtle. Also:
Bud Fisher, the original artist, titled it ``A. Mutt.'' On June 7, 1908, Russ Westover killed off A. Mutt, only to bring him back to life. His full name, later: Augustus P. Mutt.
``Subfamily.'' Sounds demeaning, doesn't it?
``The Law and Society Association is a group of scholars from many fields and countries, interested in the place of law in social, political, economic and cultural life.''
``[F]or the advancement of the scientific study of language. The Society serves its nearly 7,000 personal and institutional members through scholarly meetings, publications, and special activities designed to advance the discipline. An interest in linguistics is the only requirement for membership.
The Society is an affiliate of the Permanent International Committee of Linguists (CIPL), a constituent society of the American Council of Learned Societies ..., a member of the Consortium of Social Science Associations (COSSA), the National Humanities Alliance (NHA), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
Almost all LSAC-member law schools in the United States also require applicants to subscribe to the LSDAS.
For other spongiform encephalopathies, see the entry for prions, which may be the cause.
(Personally, I would like to recommend that low self-esteem be abbreviated lowse and pronounced ``lousy.'' In fact, I insist. You must follow my recommendation because, because if you don't I'll feel bad, and hold my breath till I turn blue.)
Perfectly characteristic of the LSE industry is The Self-Esteem Institute, which appears to comprise Marilyn J. Sorensen, Ph.D. (I mean ``comprise''). The common banner (copyright 2002) at the top of its pages announces
The Self-Esteem Institute
"Dedicated to the advancement of healty self-esteem"
I pass over in silence the uneducated use of quotation marks. The question is, how to solve the LSE problem that might arise if anyone there ever notices the ignorant misspelling? The watch begins today, May 19, 2003. Ever watchful, I returned in November 2005 and found that they have a new common banner:
The Self-Esteem Institute
"Offering a program for recovery from low self-esteem"
Alright, enough of that.
Can we talk? No -- this is just a vanilla webpage. Can I be really serious for a moment? Yes. Sorensen and others write and act as if low self-esteem were some newly discovered ailment that psychiatrists and psychologists refuse to recognize. This is approximately like calling the GI tract the ``IO tube'' and complaining that gastroenterologists ignore its importance.
But that's not the worst of it. The esteem industry is responsible for such inanities as suggesting the use of purple ink for correcting students' homeworks. Red is so demeaning, you know. Purple, what a great idea! Better: let's not correct any errors. This will lead to higher grades, and that's what we all want, after all.
LSJ is the update by Henry Stuart Jones (1867-1939) [and also Roderick McKenzie (1887-1937)] of what was officially (and otherwise rarely) known as the Oxford Greek Lexicon. That earlier work was compiled by Henry George Liddell (1811-1898) and Robert Scott (1811-1887); its last edition was that of 1883. Substantially abridged versions of the Liddell and Scott lexicons were titled An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell and Scott, better known as the ``middle Liddell.'' (At least two somewhat different abridgements were produced.) By analogy, the LSJ is occasionally referred to as the ``Great Scott.''
The link above gives access to both LSJ9 and I-don't-know-which middle Liddell. You know, this here is a glossary entry for a lexicon. Does that lexicon have an entry for this useful glossary? No, this is an unreciprocated citation, an unrequited entry.
As I'm sure you realize, disk space is precious. So you understand that we can't spare bytes for needless repetition. Instead of cutting and pasting, I'm going to have to ask you to spend your connection penny on visiting the Pakistan entry, if you want to learn more about the provenance of the LSJ.
If this were a movie instead of a glossary, we could cut to a different scene at this point, without preamble or headword. It would be morning in America. Specifically, it would be the early morning hours of Independence Day, 1862. That is a day that both contestants (er, adversaries) in the US Civil War celebrate with pride, and both sides in their different ways feel they are nobly defending the achievements of the Revolutionary War heralded on that day in 1776. Today General McClellan's Army of the Potomac is returning to Washington, DC.
The war has not been going very well for the Union. President Lincoln, a circuit-riding lawyer with no experience as a soldier, is frustrated that the southern rebellion has not been defeated quickly. General McClellan's Army of the Potomac set out on the Peninsular Campaign in March 1862, to capture Richmond, Virginia -- capital of Virginia and of the Confederacy. Modern communications technology (the telegraph) allowed Lincoln to take direct command of Union armies and test whether he could do any better job commanding them than the generals he contemned as timid. In the Battle of Seven Pines on May 31, 1862, Joseph E. Johnston's army attacked and nearly defeated McClellan's troops outside of Richmond. Johnston was gravely wounded, and Robert E. Lee replaced him, renaming the army ``Army of Northern Virginia.'' Ironically, McClellan judged then that Lee was ``likely to be timid and irresolute in action.'' Lee attacked McClellan on June 25; in the Seven Days Battle that ensued, both sides suffered heavy casualties. So we have come upon McClellan's forces in unhappy retreat. A week after this Independence Day, Lincoln will cede the post of general-in-chief to a professional soldier (Gen. Henry W. `Old Brains' Halleck). (The position isn't yet called ``head of the joint chiefs of staff'' because that institution doesn't exist yet. Later, when it does exist, it won't prevent commander-in-chief LBJ from micromanaging the Vietnam War. And then -- but why don't you read about it in the JCS entry?)
US Independence Day always has a more or less odd tenor in Britain. The oddity is greater during the Civil War. Britain was the center of the world abolitionist movement, and US slavery was that movement's greatest target. So there was a sort of partisan British interest in the conflict that precipitated the American Civil War. On the other hand, the Union's refusal to allow the secession of its southern states has to seem a bit ironic, in England, four-score and six years after the Philadelphia declaration of independence.
On this day, in Oxford, three little girls are taking a boat trip. They are the daughters of Henry Liddell, dean of Christ Church College. (You remember Henry George Liddell, a principal of this entry?) The children are accompanied on their voyage by Reverend Robinson Duckworth and his friend, a mathematics lecturer in their father's college. As he has on previous outings, and as he will again, the lecturer spins a fantastic story in which ten-year-old Alice Liddell is the central character. This day the story is especially engaging. This day, as the author will recall twenty-five years later, ``in a desperate attempt to strike out some new line of fairy-lore, I had sent my heroine straight down a rabbit-hole, to begin with, without the least idea what was to happen afterwards.''
It is, W. H. Auden will say, ``as memorable a day in the history of literature as it is in American history.'' On this day, or the next, little Alice Liddell begins pestering the story-teller, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, to write the stories down for her. Late that November, she will receive ``A Christmas Gift to a Dear Child in Memory of a Summer Day,'' entitled Alice's Adventures under Ground. (That's the title, transcribed from a facsimile. In more recent printings the third word is often capitalized.) Friends will urge Dodgson to publish it. The Civil War drags on. Finally, on April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia. Five days later, Lincoln is shot. He dies on the day remembered throughout the US today as the IRS tax-return filing deadline. Under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, Dodgson comes out with a much-expanded Version of his stories: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. It is published by MacMillan on the fourth of July, 1865.
The original single bound manuscript volume Alice's Adventures under Ground was eventually auctioned by Mrs. Alice (Liddell) Hargreaves to pay the burial duties for her late husband. At Sotheby's it fetched a handsome 15,400 GBP, eventually ending up in the possession of Eldridge Johnson, founder of the Victor Talking Machine Company (later merged into RCA-Victor). Johnson died in 1945, and the next year the book again went on auction. Luther H. Evans, the Librarian of the Library of Congress got together a consortium of American bibliophiles to buy it on behalf of the British people ``... as the slightest token of recognition for the fact that they held off Hitler while we got ready for war.''
Another child who inspired famous books and had a cherished treasure end up in America was Christopher Robin. See this A. A. entry for details.
I lodged at Christ Church, Oxford, for a conference. They have a bust of Dean Liddell there. I also stayed at a Christ College in Cambridge. When I told the taxi driver I wanted to go to ``Christ College,'' he explained that Cambridge has a Christ's College (founded 1505) and a Corpus Christi (founded 1352). (He didn't give quite that much information.) This Christ guy seems to have been pretty popular at one point, or else rendered unto Caesar a truly glorious contribution to the capital campaign. I told the taxi driver I probably wanted Corpus Christi, as that would be more ironic. I guessed right, and my room had a view of the cemetery.
Do not confuse Liddell and Scott with Lewis and Short (L & S).
There's a book I'd like to recommend, and it's somewhat relevant to this entry (what isn't, at this point?) so what the hey. Robert V. Bruce: Lincoln and the Tools of War (Urbana and Chicago, Illinois: Univ. of Ill. Pr., 1989). (Actually, it was first published in 1952.) Abraham Lincoln (like George Washington) worked for a time as a surveyor and had a long-time amateur interest in technology (ditto). When he took office and war came, he aggressively sought to turn the North's technological advantage into a military one. Worried that Great Britain might enter the war on the Confederate side and deprive the Union of niter from India, he set up a research project, secret from the Navy and War Departments, to develop a new chlorate-based explosive. Anyway, the book is mostly about ordnance; not much about C3I.
A polling company; there are others.
Here's a page on LSTA from the Washington Office of the ALA. The closest thing to a dedicated federal page on the LSTA is this page on ``Grants to State Library Agencies.''
Lithuanian men's given names generally end in -as, -ius, -us or -is.
H. L. Mencken, in his an appendix (4/e, 1936) to his The American Language, sloppily classed Lithuanian as a Slavic language. (In fact, with Latvian it constitutes the East Baltic language family, the only surviving part of the Baltic branch of the IndoEuropean language family.) He gives the declension of bòmas, the form of the English word bum as adopted into the American dialect of Lithuanian (as a male noun of the second accent class):
| Singular | Plural | Dual | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | bòmas | bòmai | dù bomù |
| Vocative | bòme | bòmai | |
| Genitive | bòmo | bòmu | |
| Dative | bòmui | bòmams | dviem bòmam |
| Accusative | bòma | bomùs | dù bomù |
| Instrumental | bomù | bòmais | dviem bòmam |
| Locative | bomè | bòmuose |
The identity of vocative and nominative plural forms above is not peculiar to this accent class; they are always identical. The dual form, as the table suggests, is not always available. In fact, it is now apparently rare, found primarily in nonstandard dialects. (The American variety of Lithuanian reported by Mencken reflected the speech of nineteenth-century immigrants.)
The locative case is used without a preposition. E.g., Vilniuje typically requires translation as `in Vilnius.' The modern locative is actually an adessive case, a remnant of an earlier, more glorious system of locative cases. The allative and especially the illative are still found dialectally. Isn't that great? These locative cases originally developed as postpositions (like prepositions but following a noun) used earlier were assimilated to the nouns.
The grave accents indicate short stressed vowels. There are some other diacritical marks besides the grave accents, but we're not going to use a full Unicode font just to get this one table straight. On the other hand, this information could come in handy some day -- you never know. So in detail, the final a in the accusative singular and u in the genitive plural each have a hook, sort of like a cedilla facing the wrong way, hanging off the bottom. The hook has no phonemic value: it represents a final long-vowel nasalization that disappeared from all dialects centuries ago. It does means that there are extra vowel symbols for long vowels (hooked i and u correspond to wye and to u with a macron, resp.).
Also in that table above, the dviem in the instrumental case only has a tilde over the e. The orthography of Lithuanian also includes acute accents. The tilde and acute accent are used to distinguish the two tones (circumflex and acute, respectively) of stressed long vowels and diphthongs. These are usually indicated in dictionaries and other linguistic works, and not elsewhere. (However, we get a bye because this is an English dictionary and other linguistic work, see?) They also have a dotted (above) e, and they do one or two things to consonants. I imagine that if you had a dirty typewriter ribbon, it made you look like an elementary-school drop-out.
Definiteness of nouns is marked by a modification of the ending.
All this plus-minus asymmetry is something that really torques me off about charities. Solicitations for charitable contributions often make me wish I could make a negative contribution, and decrease their unwelcome or even destructive activities. Unfortunately, it's just as difficult to make a negative contribution to a charity as it is for a debtor to give away its obligations. Capitalism is so unfair. The most you can do is sound disingenuously interested when they call, and encourage them to waste money on a follow-up direct mail solicitation too. It's the least you can do. But back to loans...
A couple of major factors color the secondary market in loans: one is confidence. If there is a question of the debtor's likelihood of repaying -- and there often is -- then the credit is still transferable, just not at its face value. Collection agencies are essentially speculators in loans that are damaged goods. They gamble that their cost of collection, plus the reduced price they pay for the bad loan, is less than the amount they can expect to collect. Certain situations can interfere with the operation of the market in bad debts. The best known today is the one that afflicts Japanese banks. Under existing rules, they can keep nonperforming loans on their books at far above their realistic value. They can't collect, they can't sell at the value they list on their books, and if they try to foreclose the real value becomes apparent.
Government bonds of stable capitalist democracies are not subject to significant questions about likelihood of repayment, so they allow one to isolate another factor: inflation. I'll fill in the discussion on that later. Why are you reading about elementary economics here anyway? Don't you know this started out as a microelectronics glossary? I mean, I'm just makin' it up as I meander along.
Technically, the reason you can't get the prime rate on your loan is that you don't have the sterling credit rating of your bank's best customers. In reality, of course, size matters. The bank is in the business of making loans, so a big customer for the bank's product can demand a little extra consideration in return for not taking its business elsewhere. You, punk, can go where you like.
Victor Klemperer's NS-Zeit diaries were published in two volumes in 1995 by Aufbau-Verlag. LTI appears toward the end of volume 1 (Ich will Zeugnis ablegen bis zum letzten: Tagebücher 1933-1941). For a long time, he made short notes in the diary, mostly noting individual word substitutions. Usually he headed these observations Sprache: [`language']. At page 305 (for September 14, 1936) he uses Sprache des 3. Reichs [`language of the 3rd reich']. (Maybe elsewhere too, I only skimmed.) I think he first introduces ``LTI'' in formal typescript inserted at the end of June 1941.
Klemperer (1881-1960) was a philologist and literary historian at the Technische Universität Dresden, who, although Jewish, was not murdered by the Nazis, and lived in oppressive conditions considerably better than a death camp, evidently because his wife was gentile. [This ``exception'' allowed some others to live, most famously in Berlin, though it certainly was not always or even usually enough to save one's life. Consider that gentile-Jewish intermarriage was made illegal by the Nuremburg laws. In an autobiography published in 1997, the late theoretical particle physicist, scientific biographer and historian Bram Pais described his survival in occupied Holland. He and a friend were discovered, and his friend was executed essentially because that friend's girlfriend and lover, saving her own life, convinced interrogators that she was gentile.]
V. Klemperer managed to escape Dresden early in 1945 -- timely, given the Allied fire-bombing later that year [described in Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut, who survived the firebombing as a P.O.W. on work detail (illegal under the Geneva conventions, FWIW) at Schlachterhaus Fünf there]. Klemperer returned after the war and taught at various East German universities.
The long delay (until 1995) in publishing the diaries has been reported to have something to do with the fact that his book casts a critical eye on language abuse not only by the Nazis but also by the Soviet occupying authority. I've heard that the English translation leaves much to be desired.
Victor Klemperer was not an immediate relative of his contemporary Otto Klemperer, the conductor and composer. It's interesting how The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians entry for Otto manages to avoid all explicit reference to nazism. It describes how ``[g]rowing economic distress, coupled with pressure from the Right, obliged the government to shut the Kroll Opera in July 1931,'' and mentions airily that Otto Klemperer ``emigrated'' in April 1933. The Encyclopædia Britannica) (in those editions where the most important woman mathematician in history has merited an entry) describes similarly Emmy Noether's relocation from Germany to the US. Who is served by this coyness? (For more on EB entry politics, see error propagation.)
Otto Klemperer was from Breslau. If you want to read more on Breslau, Germany (.de) you visit the He entry. That's how this glossary works. Breslau has been Wroclaw, Poland (.pl) since the end of WWII. It experienced severe flooding a couple of years ago. That's right, just a couple of years ago, in, uh, the Summer of 1997.
Now suppose that you set the LTPD at 5%, and the acceptable quality level (AQL) at 95%. That AQL implies that, on average, 5% of of any lot will be defective, so the typical lot will be flirting on the borderline of not meeting the lot tolerance, and something like half of the lots will be unacceptable. (The precise fraction depends on shape of distribution, but it's pretty close to half, by the central limit theorem, if units in a lot are uncorrelated). Okay, now suppose you have a hundred units per lot, and the AQL of 95% is being just met. Then the standard deviation of the percent of defectives in a lot is just a sliver under 2.2%. Therefore, an LTPD of 10% would be reasonable (if 5% failure can be called reasonable). For similar considerations of unit vs. lot, see the eggs entry.
One great divide among Latin textbooks is between those using synthetic text (made-up Latin examples) versus those using authentic literary text as soon as practicable. LTRL is solidly in the authentic camp, and the authors have mined the TLL to take examples from an unusually various assortment of authors, but... the book is dense with grammar explanations, and most reviewers seem to feel it is an introductory text suitable only for very advanced students.
The LTTC was first established in 1951 (under some other name I didn't find on the English pages) ``to provide intensive training in English for government-sponsored personnel who were preparing to go to the United States under technical assistance programs in place at that time.''
``In 1965, the LTTC began to offer courses in Japanese, French, German, and Spanish, and to open classes to other government-sponsored personnel; personnel sponsored by private organizations; and to the general public. The LTTC also began to provide foreign language proficiency tests.''
Whether ratio or fraction, it refers to the amount of a mortgage loan relative to the lending value of the property on which one takes the mortgage. You may ask: ``why take out a mortgage on more than the value of the property''? Why indeed. Because interest adds up, and also sometimes because of the precise definition of lending value, q.v.
Here's the Luxembourgian page of an X.500 directory.
These records are regularly available to police with a court order -- this constitutes a kind of search, so it is unconstitutional (unreasonable search) unless it can be demonstrated to a judge that there is reasonable cause to suppose that it is material to a crime that has been committed. It's subject to the same restrictions as tapping. Cf. T-3.
In August 1999, the FCC decided to allow law enforcement authorities access to the record of cells through which cellular phone calls are routed. Civil liberties groups have opposed this as an unreasonable infringement of privacy that turns a cell phone into a tracing device.
For related information (that's actually true) on toast, see the FF (for French Fries) entry. Look, it's there alright, you just have to scroll down a bit! Do you expect everything to be served to you on a silver platter with maple syrup? For something to put on ordinary English toast (during WWII), there's some relevant information at the Spam entry.
Steven Wright said he went to a restaurant that served breakfast `any time.' I guess that's an acceptable variant. So he ordered French toast during the Renaissance. Ha! That's German toast!
Example: the number to be checked is 34567790. The 0 at the end is the check digit. The digits in even positions are 4, 6, 7 -> 8, 12, 14. 8+1+2+1+4 + 3+5+7+9 + 0 = 40, so the number is valid.
Sounds seditious, and you can see lean and hungry types wailing there and strumming a few chords. The Stones were from London, the Beatles were from Liverpool.
Lula is the nickname of former Brazilian President Luiz Inacio da Silva. What, Portuguese doesn't have a word for buffoon?
Weird, very weird fact: she was married to Maurice Gibb, one of the Bee-Gee's, from 1969 to 1973.
Nominal || Actual
(in inches)
---------||------------------
1 || 25/32 (0.78125) (Oh sure, accurate to a quarter mil.)
2 || 1 5/8 (1.625)
3 || 2 5/8 (2.625)
4 || 3 5/8 (3.625)
5 || 4 5/8 (4.625)
6 || 5 5/8 (5.625)
7 || What the heck weird kind of size is that?
8 || 7 1/2 (7.5)
||
10 || 9 1/2 (9.5)
||
12 || 11 1/2 (11.5)
Cf. board foot. You want to know more lumber terms? Visit the specialized glossary at the online Hardwood Handbook.
The starting point for computing the numbers and preferences of likely voters is the same data for registered voters, culled or somehow corrected on the basis of some additional information. When asked, people who identify themselves as registered voters (probably including a large number who are not registered) say, about 90% of the time, that they are likely to vote. This is not an accurate prediction. Some pollsters report LV counts that are 90% of their RV counts, which suggests that they're going by these unreliable self-reports of RV's. I suppose it's better than nothing, since it ought to exclude a larger fraction of those who won't than those who will vote. Then again, it probably excludes a larger fraction of those giving honest answers rather than the ones they suppose pollsters would prefer.
You've probably heard that you can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him (let's say it's a he) drink. This is stupid. You lead a horse to water by steering him along the way to water. You lead a horse to drink water by driving him the long way, through arid parts. Uh, I seem to have lost my way.
Oh yeah, I wanted to comment on the LV/RV ratio. In recent years there have been increased efforts to register the unregistered. Here are data for the State of Florida in three consecutive election years:
Year: 1992 1996 2000
RV/adults 62.9% 72.4% 72.3%
voters/RV 83.1% 67.4% 70.1%
voters/adults 52.3% 48.8% 50.7%
Notice the gratifying increase in voter registration between 1992 and 1996. Notice how the fraction of registered voters who managed to find a way to vote decreased dramatically in the same interval. It's almost as if people who hadn't registered to vote in the past were not very interested in voting anyway, and ended up not voting. If this theory were correct, and if the fraction of people ultimately interested enough to vote were approximately constant, then the large increases and decreases in the first two rows of the table above would balance out to much smaller variations in the third row. Hmm.
LV is a 3V logic intended to have performance comparable with the 5V HCMOS logic; LVC is a 3V logic intended to have performance comparable with the 5V 74F logic.
According to TI, LV drives up to 8 mA (i.e., the maximum current its output can deliver while maintaining its logic level within the noise margin is 8 mA). Since CMOS logic gates have very high input impedance, this imposes essentially no limit on the static fan-out. The current drive is important at the final stage, where something may have to be actuated, but that can easily be handled by specialized driver circuitry or buffers. The current drive also affects timing, since the interconnect and gate capacitances charge in a time inversely proportional to that drive current. Propagation delays are specked at 18 ns maximum, while the static power consumption is ``only'' 20 µA for both bus-interface and gate functions.
Rec.travel offers a starting point for web travel thence.
I volunteer to be literate in America myself.
The concept of an lvalue, although not quite the term itself, seems to have had its explicit origin in the description of CPL. Here is Section 6 (``Expressions'') of the Barron et al. description (1963; bibl. details at our CPL entry), in its entirety:
There are two possible modes of evaluation of an expression in CPL, known as the left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) modes. All expressions can be evaluated in RH mode, but only certain kinds of expression are meaningful in LH mode. When evaluated in RH mode an expression is regarded as being a rule for the computation of a value (the RH value). When evaluated in LH mode an expression effectively gives an address (the LH value): the significance of this is discussed further in Section 8.
Section 8, ``Left-hand expressions and assignment commands,'' makes clear that LH values are used to determine the destinations of results in ``assignment commands.'' (All statements in CPL are definitions or commands.) The language has multidimensional arrays and LISPish lists somewhat resembling contemporaneous FORTRAN common blocks, and these data structures can be assigned to in single assignment commands (i.e., they can be evaluated in LH mode).
Perhaps LH and RH values came to be called lvalues and rvalues in CPL programming. Those terms were certainly used with CPL's immediate descendant BCPL. (See the July 1967 manual linked from our BCPL entry. The operators lv and rv were available for pointer arithmetic.) The terms lvalue and rvalue continued in use with B, and (drumroll, please) C.
Visit TI's page.
Lviv is the current (Ukrainian) name of the largest city in Galicia. By ``Galicia'' here I mean the one in northwestern Ukraine, western Russia, southeastern Poland, or the eastern end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, depending on the era you're looking at. The city thus has various different names, many of them a godsend to this sparsely populated region of the collation sequence (LV, LW). Tradition and recorded history say that it was founded in 1256 by a Russian prince and named after his son Lev (`Leo' in English), although archaeology says that a settlement had already existed there for some time. The transliteration to English of the Russian name of the city is normally Lvov. Many centuries ago, Galicia was conquered by the kingdom of Poland. In the Roman script of Poland its name is spelled Lwów, but the pronunciation is closer to what an English-speaker would guess from ``Lvov.'' Poland gradually shrank and finally disappeared as its largest neighbors grew, and Galicia became a part of the Habsburg Empire (the Austrian, later the Austro-Hungarian Empire). Under Austrian rule, Lwów was known by its German name Lemberg.
At the end of WWI, the Polish people got a country of their own again, and Lwow was part of it. On August 23, 1939, Hitler's Germany and Stalin's USSR signed a mutual non-aggression treaty called the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. The treaty included secret clauses partitioning Poland between the signatories. The next week (specifically September 1), Germany invaded Poland and precipitated WWII. The Soviet Union occupied eastern Poland for a while, but was pushed out two years later, when Germany invaded Russia (Operation Barbarossa, begun June 22, 1941). At the end of WWII, pursuant to an understanding among the leaders of the main Allied powers (Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill), the Soviet Union took a few territorial bites out of its neighbors. One of those bites was Galicia, which was made a part of Ukraine. At the time, the Polish population of Lwów/Lvov/Lviv was told that they were free to stay, but that the city would become Ukrainian. If they wanted to remain in Polish territory, they were advised to move to Wroclaw. Wroclaw is the Polish name of the city that had been called Breslau when it was part of Germany. Towards the end of WWII, most of its surviving German population fled west ahead of advancing Russian forces. The Polish municipal government of Lwów moved en masse to Wroclaw.
Both companies also had growing stakes in the perfume industry. They continued expanding in that direction to become the biggest luxury-goods house in the world; owner of Parfums Givenchy and Christian Dior, and some other famous names like, uh, Louis something, the name escapes me right now, Guerlain, Parfums Kenzo, etc. LVMH is vertically integrated, with the retailers Sephora and DFS (duty free stores) since 1997.
The Scrabble plural is lweis, but in the real world Lweis occurs most frequently as a typo for Lewis.
`Leave' in the sense of time away elsewhere -- in the expectation, or at least with the option, of return. Not `leave' in the sense of farewell.
A variety of seventy-two's are traditionally associated with this translation -- seventy-two days to finish (this I do not believe), seventy-two translators (six from each tribe; how they found so many from ten lost tribes, I'm not sure). Oh yeah, and each translator made his translation in isolation, so they could be compared afterwards, and all the translations turned out identical.
Seventy, and occasionally seventy-two, is the traditional number of languages (after Babel). Hence, there is a sort of Jewish numerological association with languages generally.
Mark Goodacre's New Testament Gateway includes a Greek New Testament Gateway, which also has links to texts and tools for the LXX. There must be a link in there somewhere for Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint/Scriptural Study, or I suppose you could just click on this link. Here's a short bit on the history from Innvista.
Some nonadverbs also end in ly, such as Cicely, comely, early, family, friendly, homely, homily, and likely. A few such nonadverbs, like kindly, sickly, and elderly, even have the form of current adjectives with an -ly adjective added. Coincidentally, many of the -ly oddities I can think of have something to do with the sickly elderly (see this NAA entry and the Dylan Thomas afterthoughts in the see through entry).
Libya Online has some tourism information, but doesn't mention any gender restrictions. Back in the 1980's, a friend of mine, age about 30, wanted to do some ethnological research in North Africa, and she chose Tunisia over Libya. One consideration was that to stay in Libya she would have had to have been accompanied by a close male relative -- father, brother, or husband.
- ``I'm a sight for my sore eyes.'' This is a line from the Vertical Horizon song ``Finding Me,'' written by Matthew B. Scannell. The next line is ``But it's all I am so,'' leading into the chorus, which begins ``Don't tell me how to be / 'Cause I like some sufferin'.''
- ``We are the hope we have been waiting for.'' A popular line from Barack Obama's speeches or revival meetings of early 2008. Some people think the expression means something, and some people don't. Some people say ``yes we can,'' and some people say ``and to think here we were hoping for hope to arrive when all the time it was staring hollow-eyed at us from the mirror.'' I say it's lyrical collective solipsism.
Just for narcissism balance, I'd like to extend my remarks on that hope quote above. It was used during a primary campaign in which Obama's primary opponent (in both senses) was Hillary Clinton. In her book Living History (2003), she wrote ``While Bill talked about social change, I embodied it.''
For more information than I'm willing to tap in here, visit the compression FAQ.
Zeppelin was a brand of dirigible, named for Graf Zeppelin (Graf is German for Count). The first Zeppelin, an aluminum-frame dirigible, was made by Count Zeppelin from the (1892) design of David Schwartz, a Zagreb timber merchant. Dirigible means directable -- i.e. steerable, and in principle might include blimps (as well as airplanes, for that matter). Established usage, however, applies the term almost exclusively to rigid-frame lighter-than-air craft. Besides, the other kind already have a category name -- blimp. No one really knows the origin of the term blimp (one proposal: B-limp, next after A-limp). (The cartoon character Colonel Blimp, the supercilious jingoist, was created in the 1930's; the balloon blimp term was in use from the turn of the century.)
To a significant degree, even high-altitude balloons without propellers are directable. By raising the craft to different levels, one takes advantage of air currents flowing in different directions. However, you can't tack against the wind in the middle of the sky.
What, you wanted to know about lasers? Visit the durn site!
L ocalizatio N
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10 letters
Cf. E13n, i18n,
j10n.
In most of the research I've seen, the L2 is English. Other acronyms you should know, if you want sound hip in that crowd: the equivalent terms EFL and ESL (usually for adult or late adolescent learners), the corresponding TEFL and TESL (teachers of same), ELL (immigrant children in the US, roughly), and EO (the Anglophone control group for ELL's). To really sound practical, you ought to spout about TOEFL.
In 1983 or so, Sidney Coleman gave a seminar at the Princeton University Physics Department, on the large-N approximation. At one point he evaluated some trivial diagrams whose values turned out to increase linearly with the order of the diagram. Coleman did not make this point explicitly, but simply evaluated a few terms so the audience would see the pattern as it emerged. At about the fourth-order term, the late Samuel B. Trieman, sitting in the audience, interrupted petulantly to protest that he didn't see the point of the evaluations. The speaker paused to answer
``Sam, I'm going to evaluate one more diagram. If you still don't see a pattern, I recommend that you consider a position in university administration.''
Perhaps Professor Coleman was unaware that Professor Trieman was Director of Graduate Studies (vide major world language).